U.S.S. San Pablo: Scenes From the Film
Directed by Robert Wise * Production Design by Boris Leven
All images copyright © 1966 by Twentieth Century Fox

Notes by the Armchair Admiral

McQueen in the first scene of the SAND PEBBLES movie

Our story begins in Shanghai. Hefting his big duffel bag, Steve McQueen strides into the picture and owns it with his height, athleticism, and authority. We immediately learn that he has orders to join a new ship -- the gunboat San Pablo.

On the steamer to the interior of China where he is to join the ship, Holman dines with the other Westerners aboard. An argument between an American missionary, Mr Jameson (Larry Gates - right), and the British businessman Mr Outscout sets up the political issues tearing China apart. Clearly there was no prohibition on talking politics at the table in this saloon! The dialog here is taken almost verbatim from the book.


Another passenger on the steamer is Shirley Eckert, a teacher headed for a 7-year hitch at Rev. Jameson's mission, China Light. Both new to Central China, Jake and Shirley share a rather strained conversation on the promenade deck.


This is Jake's (and our) first glimpse of the San Pablo, tied up to a pontoon dock in a slip off the Yangtze.

Holman makes a long and impressive entrance down the steps along the red-brick wall. This is shown with cutaways to the crew on the ship sitting out and sizing him up.


Holman kids around with Frenchy Burgoyne (Richard Attenborough) as he reports aboard.

Jake had thought that by joining a small ship he would be getting away from military drill and mickey-mouse; but he has a rude awakening his first day aboard. The San Pablo has more drill and ritual than a battleship. It is run by the captain, Lt. Collins (Richard Crenna) and his first officer, Lt. Bordelles (Charles Robinson). I had Bordelles pegged for Princeton. Imagine my surprise when I read my program notes and found that Robinson was a genuine Princeton tiger!

Watching the crew at muster, a couple of Chinese boys mimic the sailors saluting in one of the film's brilliant vignettes.

Repel Borders drill in the SAND PEBBLES movie - Copyright 1966 by 20th-c Fox

Every day the crew practices a different scenario. Holman's first experience is a memorable Repel Boarders drill. Chinese coolies crowd the slip to watch Chief Franks (Barney Phillips) brandish his cutlass and bellow, "Keep back, you slopeheaded slobs! Cheelah! Cheelah!" while the rest of the crew point their rifles and look mean. This publicity still was issued as an original lobby card for the film. Ship was welded together; the hundreds of rivets in evidence were painstakingly glued on to give the appearance of 19th-century warship construction.

The San Pablo resumes its summer schedule of patrols on the inland rivers of the Yangtze system and Tungting Lake -- a routine known as "show the flag cruising," intended to intimidate the natives and assist corrupt warlords favored by the imperial Powers.

One of the bearings in the ship's crankshaft is seriously malfunctioning, forcing a shutdown and repacking. Deck officers come down to the engine room to watch the repair. Holman mans the controls while Chien, the boss of the coolie crew in the engine room, climbs into the crankpit to facilitate disassembly of the connecting rod.

The jacking gear, used to immobilize the engine, fails while Chien is in the crankpit, and the engine twirls spastically for a couple of revolutions.

Chien (Tommy Lee) lies fatally wounded in the crankpit, and Holman has to climb in to remove him before completing the repair to the bearing. In the book (which takes place over a two-year period) Holman discovers that an ancient grounding bent the soft iron hull so that one pillar of the engine mount is out of alignment, causing perpetual problems with the crank bearing. Since this requires frequent and laborious repairs, and so is a source of much 'squeeze' for the coolies, it has remained unaddressed for years; but during a winter layover, Holman and Po-han tear down the engine and realign it, making it work smoothly instead of with the familiar thump every time the crankshaft goes round.

With Chien dead, Holman is ordered to train a new coolie boss. Engine room work is coolie work, and with coolies running the engine, Holman will be free to join the deck crew in its military mickey-mouse. He chooses Po-han the bilge coolie (Mako). In a moving montage, Po-han proves a bright pupil and the two jointly overcome the language barrier. In the novel, the relationship is developed further with a lot of on-shore fraternizing with Po-han's family and community.

Incurring the wrath of the coolie commander of the ship, Po-han has to win a prize fight with a blubbery white stoker in order to retain his job on the San Pablo. In what is surely one of the most farcical boxing matches ever filmed, Po-han rallies to blow the doors off Stawski (Simon Oakland), keep his place as engine room coolie boss, and win a pile of money for Jake. The bout takes place in the Red Kettle, the crew's shoreside hangout, a bar/whorehouse owned by a Changsha gangster. This publicity still of the fight was issued as an original Fox lobby card.


A motor pan (motorized sampan) draws up to the ship. Steam is up and she's ready to get under way.

The ship's coolie commander, Lao P'ai Shing (Henry Wang) revenges himself on Po-han for insubordination. Shing finds an indirect way to get rid of Po-han: to save him from torture and death, Jake shoots his friend through the forehead. When Jake is bugged he goes into the boiler room and furiously shovels coal. Ever a physical actor (but in no way lacking in subtlety), McQueen conveys the character's spiritual Angst. This frame captures Holman's deep pain and guilt over killing one of his few friends. The incident also puts him in dutch with the Captain.

Holman's buddy Frenchy (Richard Attenborough) falls in love with Maily (Maryat Andriane), a Chinese beauty who is in debt to Victor Shu (James Hong), a Eurasian gangster. After Frenchy and Holman ransom her from Shu, Frenchy "shacks up" ashore and searches in vain for a way to marry her: interracial marriage was not only taboo but formally illegal, although shacking up was quite common.

Throughout, Candice Bergen radiates a kind of luminous innocence and idealism. It's easy to see what the attraction is. As Shirley Eckert, she draws Jake out of his withdrawn persona and encourages him to question the commonplace beliefs of the serviceman. She also encourages him to desert; although this is touched upon lightly in the movie, it is a major theme in the original novel. Though an older and more worldly Ms. Bergen has spoken disparagingly of her wardrobe for the rôle, it is appropriate and unassuming, setting off her girlish bloom in a flattering way.

Meanwhile, things continue getting worse and worse on shore. The KMT revolution leads to anti-foreign demonstrations and San Pablo is a favorite target. Here, while leading an armed escort in Changsha, Lt. Bordelles and his men are humiliated by Chinese, who pelt them with rotten fruit and rinds, entirely spoiling the lieutenant's crisp whites. It is a major loss of face for the foreign devils.

Opium is planted on the ship; in a clumsy attempt to conceal it, the Americans burn it. The coolies jump ship, leaving the American crew to cook, scrub, stoke the furnaces, and do a host of other dirty jobs they have long been free from doing. The ship is boycotted, ringed by watchful sampans flying the Kuomintang (or "gearwheel") flag, and immobilized by low water for the entire winter.

Another moment expressing Holman's essential loneliness: after learning he is to be stuck aboard the ship all winter, Jake watches Shirley depart for China Light by junk. Worse is to come as anti-imperialist Chinese falsely accuse him of murder, making him a full-on pariah to the crew.

McQueen chopping through Chinese defenses in the SAND PEBBLES movie: original Fox lobby card

In the story's climax, the Sand Pebbles fight their way through a boom of junks blocking the Chien River. Holman proves himself an efficient killing machine, wielding a Browning and an axe with equal facility. In the clincher, he despatches the Chinese student militia leader, Cho-jen (Paul Chinpae) with a well-aimed stroke of his axe. Dashed awkward killing someone you've been introduced to! This publicity still comes from a vintage Fox lobby card.

After a bloody encounter at the boom, the San Pablo's 20th century weapons prevail and the grungy gunboat pokes her prow through the gap. Shots of the devastated battlefield show smoking junks and trails of lifeless bodies in the water.

Having chopped through the cable, Holman deftly jumps across onto the wale of the moving San Pablo and clambers aboard. This frame shows the ship's modest bow crest, such as may have decorated a product of a Hong Kong yard in the 1890s.

The film's anti-war message is underlined by shots of the Sand Pebbles patching up their wounds after the fight. In the book nearly every member of the crew was wounded, although only two were killed.

In a nightmarish finale, a detachment of sailors shoots it out with Chinese militia in the China Light compound. Some important characters lose their lives to save the missionaries; but the missionaries are in no mood to be rescued and wish the gunboatmen would go away. The film makes an honest attempt at explaining the complexities of the plot ... but film being what it is, the shoot-'em-out makes a much bigger impression than the diplomatic complexities.

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OF FILM AND NOVEL:
With its unending recitation of woes and cascading incidents of violence and terror, the film has a rather dark and brooding presence, an air of impending tragedy that is seldom unfulfilled. The book, in some 600 pages of spare prose, manages a much lighter feeling. All the incidents seen in the film occur in the novel, but they are interspersed with times of good feeling and comic relief that inevitably ended on the script doctors' cutting-room floor during adaptation. In the novel, there is much more description of sailors mixing with the Chinese inhabitants and appreciating their culture. Part of what makes Jake and Frenchy rebels is their ability to get beyond their racist upbringing and enjoy the Chinese as human beings. Due to time limitations, this theme is not elaborated in the movie. But any true China sailor of literature should read the novel and own the movie, for a balanced and satisfying appreciation of the period.
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The Yangtze Patrol: The Historical Background

Photos of the San Pablo

McKenna's Musings on the Ship's Engine

The Siege of Wuchang As Described in the Novel

All images copyright © 1966 by Twentieth Century Fox.


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